As a naturopathic physician who works in the reproductive health field, I often encounter individuals struggling with fertility issues and recurrent miscarriages, and one of the common underlying factors I observe is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. In this article, we will explore the effects of Hashimoto's thyroiditis on reproductive health, including its impact on fertility and miscarriage, and discuss naturopathic supports that may help improve reproductive outcomes.

Impact of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis on Reproductive Health

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, leading to reduced thyroid hormone production. This immune system dysfunction may also impact egg quality and quantity, and the uterine environment. This can significantly impact reproductive health in several ways:

Menstrual Cycle Irregularities and Ovulation Issues: The disruption of thyroid hormone production can lead to menstrual irregularities, such as heavy or irregular periods, and ovulation issues. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating the menstrual cycle, and their imbalance can affect the release of reproductive hormones, potentially leading to fertility challenges (1).
Impact on Ovarian Reserve: Women with thyroid autoimmunity, may also have ovarian autoimmunity. For instance, research has shown that Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis negatively affects ovarian reserve due to disruptions of immune homeostasis of eggs. Poor or diminished ovarian reserve has been associated with infertility and a higher rate of miscarriage (2).
Impact on Embryo and Placenta: In addition to hormonal imbalances, and egg factors, the immune dysfunction related to Hashimoto's thyroiditis may also impair embryo tolerance and implantation, as well as placenta formation, increasing the risk of miscarriage (3).

Naturopathic Supports for Reproductive Health in Individuals with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis

As a naturopathic physician, I emphasize a funcitonal approach to managing Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its impact on reproductive health. Here are some naturopathic supports that may aid in improving reproductive outcomes in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis:

Thyroid Medication in Overt or Subclinical Hypothyroidism: For individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis who develop overt or subclinical hypothyroidism, the use of thyroid medication, such as levothyroxine, is essential. Proper management of thyroid hormone levels can help restore hormonal balance, potentially improving menstrual regularity, ovulation and fertility (1).
Supplementation with Vitamin D, Selenium, and Inositol: Studies have shown that deficiencies in vitamin D and selenium, both of which have anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties, may exacerbate the immune dysfunction associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (3), and supplementation may improve thyroid parameters (4-7). Additionally, inositol, a naturally occurring cell signaling compound, has been found to support ovarian function and thyroid hormone synthesis and may benefit individuals with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (6).
Adoption of a Gluten-Free Diet: Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between gluten intolerance and autoimmune thyroid conditions. For individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, adopting a gluten-free diet may help reduce inflammation and alleviate autoimmune responses, potentially supporting overall reproductive health (8-10). Prior to adopting a gluten free diet, celiac disease testing is recommended, to determine what type of gluten intolerance is present - ie. celiac or non celiac gluten sensitivity.

In conclusion, Hashimoto's thyroiditis can significantly impact fertility and increase the risk of miscarriage due to its effects on thyroid function and immune system dysregulation. However, by integrating naturopathic approaches such as targeted supplementation, thyroid medication when necessary, and dietary modifications, individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis can optimize their reproductive health and may increase their chances of successful conception and healthy pregnancies.

If you would like to learn more about your reproductive and thyroid health, please don’t hesitate to book a naturopathic consultation at Juniper Family Health. We are here to help!

In health and happiness,

Dr. Meghan van Drimmelen, ND

References: